Gulu la zakumwa

Nthawi zambiri amagawika muzakumwa zosaledzeretsa komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakumwa zosaledzeretsa zimagawidwa motere:
Zakumwa zokhala ndi mpweya: Chakumwa chonyezimira chomwe chimapangidwa mwa kusakaniza mpweya wa carbon dioxide wosiyanasiyana wa kakomedwe kake, madzi, masirapu, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Monga kola, koloko, etc. Zosakaniza zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikizapo: madzi a carbonated, citric acid ndi zinthu zina za acidic, shuga, zonunkhira, zina zimakhala ndi caffeine.
Zakumwa zamadzi a zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba: timadziti tosiyanasiyana ta zipatso, timadziti tatsopano, timadziti tamasamba, timadziti tosakaniza zipatso ndi masamba, etc.
Zakumwa zogwira ntchito: zakumwa zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zapadera za thupi la munthu.
Chakumwa cha tiyi: tiyi wobiriwira wobiriwira, tiyi wakuda, tiyi wamaluwa, tiyi wa oolong, tiyi wa tirigu, tiyi wa zitsamba ndi tiyi wa iced ndi zakumwa zina. Zina zili ndi mandimu.
Zakumwa zamkaka: mkaka, yogati, tiyi wamkaka ndi zakumwa zina zopangidwa kuchokera ku mkaka watsopano kapena mkaka.
Zakumwa za khofi: zakumwa zokhala ndi khofi.
Gulu la zakumwa zoledzeretsa:
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zakumwa zoledzeretsa pamsika, zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Apa, amagawidwa mwachidule malinga ndi kupanga kwawo. Malinga ndi kupanga, mowa wambiri ukhoza kuphatikizidwa m'magulu atatuwa: mowa wopangira mowa, mowa wosungunuka ndi mowa wokonzedwa.
1. Kuphika Mowa
Kuwotcha mowa ndi chakumwa choledzeretsa chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kuwitsa zinthu zopangira ndikuziyika m'matumba ena kwanthawi yayitali. Mowa wamtundu woterewu nthawi zambiri sakhala wochuluka, nthawi zambiri saposa khumi pa zana. Gululi limaphatikizapo mowa, vinyo ndi vinyo wa mpunga.
Vinyo amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa zatsopano. Malingana ndi momwe amapangira, pali mitundu inayi ya vinyo: vinyo wamba, vinyo wonyezimira, vinyo wopangidwa ndi mowa, ndi vinyo wosakanizidwa. Vinyo wamba ndi vinyo wofiira, vinyo woyera ndi vinyo wa rosé. Vinyo wonyezimira amadziwika kwambiri kuti Champagne, ndipo vinyo wonyezimira okha omwe amapangidwa m'chigawo cha Champagne ku France amatha kutchedwa Champagne, pomwe omwe amapangidwa kumadera ena padziko lapansi amangotchedwa vinyo wonyezimira. Mavinyo opangidwa ndi mowa amaimiridwa ndi sherry ndi port. Vinyo wosakanikirana monga Vermouth. Vinyo wa mpunga amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku mpunga ndi mpunga wosusuka, womwe umasakanizidwa mwaukadaulo ndi kufufumitsa ndi makapu a vinyo. Amayimiridwa ndi vinyo wachikasu wa dzikolo komanso chifukwa cha Japan.
Mowa ndi mawu omwe amatanthauza chakumwa choledzeretsa chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kuwira kwa chimera, hop, madzi ndi yisiti. Mowa umagawika kukhala moŵa wothira pansi ndi wothira pamwamba motsatira njira yowira. Mowa wokhala ndi thovu pansi umaphatikizapo stout, mowa wouma, mowa wopepuka, mowa wa cellar ndi mowa wa Munich, etc. Mowa wapamwamba kwambiri umaphatikizapo mowa wotumbululuka, mowa wowawa, mowa wa rye, Scottish pale ale ndi magulu ena.
2, Mizimu Yosungunuka
Kupanga kwa mizimu yosungunuka nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kuphwanyidwa kwa zinthu zopangira, kuwira, kusungunula ndi kukalamba kwa njira zinayi, mowa wamtunduwu chifukwa cha kusungunuka ndi kuyeretsedwa, kotero kuti mowa ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Malinga ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa.
Vinyo woyera waku China. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku tirigu, manyuchi, chimanga ndi zinthu zina zopangira kudzera mu fermentation, distillation ndi kukalamba. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zakumwa zaku China, ndipo pali njira zingapo zoziyika m'magulu.
Burande. Mzimu wosungunula wopangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso ngati zopangira. Brandy amatanthauza makamaka mizimu yosungunuka yopangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa. Ma brandies ena ndi apulo brandy ndi cherry brandy.
Jini. Kaŵirikaŵiri amatchedwa gin malinga ndi katchulidwe kake ka Chingelezi, koma amatchedwanso gin ndi gin, ndi mzimu wosungunulidwa umene umawonjezedwamo zonunkhira. Zimapangidwanso ndi njira yosakanikirana, ndipo motero imaphatikizidwanso pamndandanda wa mizimu yokonzeka.
Whisky. Ndi mzimu wosungunulidwa wopangidwa kuchokera kumbewu zomwe zidakonzedwa kale. Mbewu zimenezi makamaka ndi balere, chimanga, rye, tirigu, kapena mbewu zina. Njira yapadera yowotchera ndi kukalamba imapatsa kachasu kununkhira kwake kosiyana. Whisky nthawi zambiri amakalamba m'migolo ya oak toasted. Mayiko ndi madera osiyanasiyana ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, whiskey kupita ku Scotland, Ireland, Canada ndi United States ndi madera ena anayi azinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri.
Vodika. Vodka imatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zilizonse zotupitsa, monga mbatata, balere, rye, tirigu, chimanga, beets, mphesa komanso nzimbe. Ubwino wake ndikuti alibe mawonekedwe, fungo kapena kukoma kwake.
Tequila. Tequila amasungunuka kuchokera ku chomera cha agave.
Ramu. Ramu amapangidwa ndi fermentation ndi distillation makamaka kuchokera ku nzimbe. Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa kukhala ramu yowala, ramu yakuda ndi ramu yonunkhira.
3, Kukonzekera Mowa
Chakumwa chokonzekera chimapangidwa kuchokera ku zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakumwa zoledzeretsa kapena zakumwa zoledzeretsa, ndipo zida zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe kapena zopangira zimawonjezedwa kuti apange chakumwa chokonzekera ndi mtundu wapadera, fungo, kukoma ndi mtundu pambuyo pa chithandizo chaukadaulo.
Pali mavinyo ambiri otchuka aku China, monga Tiger Bone Wine, Ginseng ndi Vinegar Wine, ndi Bamboo Leaf Green.
M'mayiko akunja, pali mitundu yambiri ya vinyo wokonzeka, monga ma aperitifs ndi ma liqueurs.